General

On October 4th the British colony of Basutoland became independent and was renamed Lesotho. It became a monarchy under King Moshoeshoe. Chief Leabua Jonathan became Prime Minister.

On September 30th Botswana, formerly called the Bechuanaland Protectorate, became independent. Its first President was Sir Seretes Khama.

Rhodesia announced its independence from Great Britain, in defiance of the British government. Rhodesia's government, which was led by Ian Smith, was all white in a country that was almost…

On February 18th Gambia became a fully independent country. A referendum on becoming a republic was not a success. The first Prime Minister was Dawanda Jawara.

In November 1964, Belgium and the United States intervened militarily in the Congo crisis to "recover hostages from Simba's captivity."

Tanganyika became independent officially in 1962 and Zanzibar had become independent in 1963. The predominately Arab government was overthrown by Black nationalists in 1964. Subsequently, President Nyerere of Tanganyika suggested…

On December 12th, Great Britain granted Kenya independence within the British Commonwealth. Its first leader was Jomo Kenyatta.

Representatives of 30 of the 32 independent nations of Africa met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to create the Organization of African Unity (OAU). An outgrowth of the Pan-Africanist movement started…

Until independence, Burundi was a part of the Belgian Mandated Territory. It petitioned the U.N. for full independence which was granted in 1962. Burundi remained under the domination of the…