In 1960, Niger, Mauritania, Mali, French Congo, Chad, and Madagascar all became Independent. Fourteen French colonies broke away in 1960: Cameroon in January followed by Senegal, Togo, Madagascar, Dahomey (Benin), Niger, Upper…
Since 1874, the Gold Coast had been a British colony. During this time, the British fought and defeated the Kingdom of Ashanti. After World War II, the Ghanian began to…
Before independence, Sudan had been under joint Egyptian-British rule. There was an organised referendum to determine whether Sudan would become part of Egypt or be totally independent. The Sudanese voted…
In 1956, full-scale opposition to French rule compelled the French to grant independence to Morocco where M'barek Bekkai became Premier, and Tunisia where Habib Bourguiba became Prime Minister.
The British Governor of Kenya declared a state of emergency as the Mau Mau began an open revolt against British rule. Hundreds of Kikuyu tribesmen were arrested by the British.…
In a general election, a Nationalist Afrikaaner bloc led by Daniel Malan defeated the coalition of United and Labor Parties under Prime Minister Smuts. The new government had been elected…
There was an outbreak of a nationalist rebellion in Madagascar. “White settlers were assaulted, plantations burned and French garrisons attacked.” It took the French more than 12 months to put…
Antique photograph of the first Italo-Ethiopian war (1895-1896): Mekelle fort battle. GETTY Image On October 3rd, 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia under several pretexts for the invasion. Actually, the only real…
On September 1st, 1923 Southern Rhodesia became a Crown Colony after refusing to join the Union of South Africa. Rhodesia, officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised…
Close up of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on the Indian Rupi. GETTY Image Because of the protest led by Mohandas Gandhi for the enacted immigration laws which limited the freedom of…